Validation procedures in radiological diagnostic models. Neural network and logistic regression

The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of two predictive radiological models, logistic regression (LR) and neural network (NN), with five different resampling methods. One hundred and sixty-seven patients with proven calvarial lesions as the only known disease were enrolled. Clinical and CT data were used for LR and NN models. Both models were developed with cross validation, leave-one-out and three different bootstrap algorithms. The final results of each model were compared with error rate and the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (Az). The neural network obtained statistically higher Az than LR with cross validation. The remaining resampling validation methods did not reveal statistically significant differences between LR and NN rules. The neural network classifier performs better than the one based on logistic regression. This advantage is well detected by three-fold cross-validation, but remains unnoticed when leave-one-out or bootstrap algorithms are used.Skull, neoplasms, logistic regression, neural networks, receiver operating characteristic curve, statistics, resampling

El Derecho Fundamental a la Tutela Judicial Efectiva como Límite Constitucional a las Leyes Singulares1

Las leyes singulares no están prohibidas en el sistema constitucional español, sinembargo, bajo mi punto de vista, este tipo de normas deben ser utilizadas de forma excepcional.Además de la prudencia en su uso, el Tribunal Constitucional ha establecido que los principios derazonabilidad, proporcionalidad y adecuación son límites que han de respetar las leyes singulares.La reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional nº 129/2013, de 4 de junio, para todo tipo de leyessingulares y no sólo las expropiatorias, señala que el Derecho fundamental a la tutela judicial efectivaes una barrera infranqueable para este tipo de normas

La intervención local en las viviendas de uso turístico a través de la zonificación urbanística: requisitos y consecuencias

Originally based on collaborative forms of economy not guided by the search of profit, in recent years a new model of tourism services known such as “tourist accommodation” or “tourist housing” has emerged. This model is orientend to residential housing and owners that, through digital services, is offered for touristic purposes. As economic activity with great social acceptance, nevertheless it is generating numerous conflicts related, for example, to the urban environment. The Autonomous Communities in the exercise of their competences in the tourism framework have approved regulations that limit this activity. On the other hand, the municipalities in the exercise of their urban competences are carrying out a major control and limitation of the activity through of zonification and locating this type of housing in specific areas of the city. This paper analyzes the legal perspective of this topic and how this type of measures and businesses are being development.Con orígenes en formas colaborativas de economía no guiadas por el ánimo de lucro, en los últimos años ha surgido un nuevo modelo de servicios turísticos conocido bajo expresiones como la de "alojamientos turísticos" o "viviendas turísticas". Se trata de viviendas de carácter inicialmente residencial que, a través de una plataforma digital, son ofertadas con carácter turístico. Se trata de una actividad económica con mucha aceptación social pero que, sin embargo, está generando numerosos conflictos relacionados, por ejemplo, con el medio ambiente urbano.  Las Comunidades Autónomas, en el ejercicio de sus competencias en materia de turismo, han dictado normas que limitan esta actividad. Además, por otra parte, los Ayuntamientos, en ejercicio de sus competencias urbanísticas, están llevando a cabo una importante labor de control y limitación de la actividad a través de la técnica de la zonificación y que supone ubicar este tipo de viviendas en determinadas y concretas partes de la ciudad. A analizar los problemas jurídicos que se plantean con este tipo de medidas se dedica este trabajo

El Derecho Fundamental a la Tutela Judicial Efectiva como Límite Constitucional a las Leyes Singulares1

Las leyes singulares no están prohibidas en el sistema constitucional español, sinembargo, bajo mi punto de vista, este tipo de normas deben ser utilizadas de forma excepcional.Además de la prudencia en su uso, el Tribunal Constitucional ha establecido que los principios derazonabilidad, proporcionalidad y adecuación son límites que han de respetar las leyes singulares.La reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional nº 129/2013, de 4 de junio, para todo tipo de leyessingulares y no sólo las expropiatorias, señala que el Derecho fundamental a la tutela judicial efectivaes una barrera infranqueable para este tipo de normas

Animales de compañía y Administración local

Los animales no han sido sino hasta hace poco tiempo objeto de atención por el Derecho. Además, la regulación de estos seres vivos por parte del ordenamiento jurídico ha tenido lugar, principalmente, desde la perspectiva del fomento de la biodiversidad protegiendo las especies de flora y fauna amenazadas. La protección de las especies de flora y fauna cuenta ya con un espacio propio e importante en el Derecho ambiental que se inicia con diversas directivas comunitarias y que se instaura de manera definitiva en nuestro país con la Ley básica estatal 4/1989, de 27 de marzo, de conservación de los espacios naturales y de la flora y fauna silvestres, y que ha sido desarrollada por la mayor parte de las comunidades autónomas.1 Sin embargo, no sólo los animales silvestres han sido atendidos por el Derecho; así, los animales de compañía han sido objeto de tratamiento jurídico por otras normas de nuestro ordenamiento, con el mismo fin de establecer un régimen de protección. Precisamente, en este ámbito, el de los animales de compañía, se centra este capítulo en conexión con la Administración local. La regulación de los animales de compañía se abre camino en la actualidad como un sector del ordenamiento jurídico especialmente importante, tanto por los múltiples y variados intereses que lo rodean, como por el consecuente aumento de normas que lo componen. Se trata de un ámbito en el que, a diferencia del de las especies protegidas, la Administración local tiene un papel protagonista. Mientras que la legislación sobre la flora y la fauna protegida ha ido progresivamente desapoderando a municipios y provincias de competencias en favor de las administraciones territorialmente superiores, el ámbito de los animales de compañía tiene en el mundo local su ámbito de desarrollo y aplicación más adecuado

Columna metastásica: diagnóstico y acuerdo interobservador en diagnóstico por la imagen

Tesis por compendio de publicaciones[ES] Objetivos específicos: - La estadificación de las metástasis vertebrales, valorado de manera separada mediante dos escalas distintas; Tomita y de Bauer. - La existencia de compresión medular, valorada mediante la versión española de la “Spinal cord compression scale” (ESCC) - La existencia de inestabilidad metastásica, valorada mediante la versión española del escala de inestabilidad de columna vertebral neoplásica (SINS) y comparación con el patrón de referencia del comité de tumores local. - En las fracturas vertebrales acuerdo en diagnóstico debido a osteoporosis (FOV) o debido a metástasis vertebral (FMV), en los principales signos radiológicos y determinar si el hecho de que el especialista que interpreta la imagen conozca los eventuales antecedentes oncológicos del paciente, modifica su diagnóstico

A radiomics evaluation of 2D and 3D MRI texture features to classify brain metastases from lung cancer and melanoma

© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] Brain metastases are occasionally detected before diagnosing their primary site of origin. In these cases, simple visual examination of medical images of the metastases is not enough to identify the primary cancer, so an extensive evaluation is needed. To avoid this procedure, a radiomics approach on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the metastatic lesions is proposed to classify two of the most frequent origins (lung cancer and melanoma). In this study, 50 T1-weighted MR images of brain metastases from 30 patients were analyzed: 27 of lung cancer and 23 of melanoma origin. A total of 43 statistical texture features were extracted from the segmented lesions in 2D and 3D. Five predictive models were evaluated using a nested cross-validation scheme. The best classification results were achieved using 3D texture features for all the models, obtaining an average AUC > 0.9 in all cases and an AUC = 0.947 +/- 0.067 when using the best model (naive Bayes).Research supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds under Grant BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R.Ortiz-Ramón, R.; Larroza-Santacruz, A.; Arana Fernandez De Moya, E.; Moratal, D. (2017). A radiomics evaluation of 2D and 3D MRI texture features to classify brain metastases from lung cancer and melanoma. Proceedings Intenational Anual Conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 493-496. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2017.8036869S49349

Classifying brain metastases by their primary site of origin using a radiomics approach based on texture analysis: a feasibility study

[EN] Objective To examine the capability of MRI texture analysis to differentiate the primary site of origin of brain metastases following a radiomics approach. Methods Sixty-seven untreated brain metastases (BM) were found in 3D T1-weighted MRI of 38 patients with cancer: 27 from lung cancer, 23 from melanoma and 17 from breast cancer. These lesions were segmented in 2D and 3D to compare the discriminative power of 2D and 3D texture features. The images were quantized using different number of gray-levels to test the influence of quantization. Forty-three rotation-invariant texture features were examined. Feature selection and random forest classification were implemented within a nested cross-validation structure. Classification was evaluated with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) considering two strategies: multiclass and one-versus-one. Results In the multiclass approach, 3D texture features were more discriminative than 2D features. The best results were achieved for images quantized with 32 gray-levels (AUC = 0.873 +/- 0.064) using the top four features provided by the feature selection method based on the p-value. In the one-versus-one approach, high accuracy was obtained when differentiating lung cancer BM from breast cancer BM (four features, AUC = 0.963 +/- 0.054) and melanoma BM (eight features, AUC = 0.936 +/- 0.070) using the optimal dataset (3D features, 32 gray-levels). Classification of breast cancer and melanoma BM was unsatisfactory (AUC = 0.607 +/- 0.180). Conclusion Volumetric MRI texture features can be useful to differentiate brain metastases from different primary cancers after quantizing the images with the proper number of gray-levels.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds under Grant BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R. Rafael Ortiz-Ramon was supported by grant ACIF/2015/078 from the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport of the Valencian Community (Spain). Andres Larroza was supported by grant FPU12/01140 from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (MECD).Ortiz-Ramón, R.; Larroza-Santacruz, A.; Ruiz-España, S.; Arana Fernandez De Moya, E.; Moratal, D. (2018). Classifying brain metastases by their primary site of origin using a radiomics approach based on texture analysis: a feasibility study. European Radiology. 28(11):4514-4523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5463-6S451445232811Gavrilovic IT, Posner JB (2005) Brain metastases: epidemiology and pathophysiology. J Neurooncol 75:5–14Stelzer KJ (2013) Epidemiology and prognosis of brain metastases. Surg Neurol Int 4:S192–S202Soffietti R, Cornu P, Delattre JY et al (2006) EFNS Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases: report of an EFNS Task Force. 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